전환단어, 즉 접속사 활용하는 방법

 

 

접속사(transitions)란? 접속사(transition words)란 하나의 내용에서 다른 내용으로 넘어갈 때 문장을 자연스럽게 연결해주는 단어로, 문장, 독립 절 및 단락의 시작 부분에 주로 배치되므로 내용 간의 구체적인 관계를 수립합니다. 접속사란 글의 흐름을 만들고 글의 논리적인 전개를 가능하게 합니다.(아래 자료 출처의 링크)

 

접속사 카테고리

 

접속사(transition words)는 네 가지 기본 카테고리로 나눌 수 있습니다:

 

• 부가 접속사(Additive transitions): 내용을 추가하거나 참조할 것이라는 신호를 독자에게 줍니다
• 역접 접속사(Adversative transitions): 내용 간 불일치를 나타냅니다
• 인과 접속사(Causal transitions): 결과 및 인과 관계를 보여줍니다
• 순차 접속사(Sequential transitions): 내용의 순서와 순차 및 글의 전체 구조를 명확하게 합니다 

부가 접속사(Additive Transitions)

 

부가 접속사(additive transitions)는 다음의 경우에 사용됩니다: 새로운 내용 추가;내용 소개 및 강조; 이전에 바로 언급한 내용 참조; 유사한 상황 추가;특정 정보를 중요하게 취급. 

 

목적	단어	문구	예시
내용 추가	Also; Additionally; Furthermore; Moreover	In addition to; As well as; In fact; Not only…but also; As a matter of fact	“Furthermore, the data shows that X is a significant factor.”“In addition to the above-mentioned study, Rogers also presents…”
소개/강조	Particularly; Notably; Especially	For example/instance; To illustrate; In particular; One example (of this is)	“Notably, only two species of this fish survive.”“One example of thisphenomenon is X.”
참조	Considering (this); Concerning (this); Regarding (this)	As for (this); The fact that; With regards to (this); On the subject of (this); Looking at (this information)	“Considering the amount of research in this area, little evidence has been found.”“With regards to the Blue Whale, its teeth are also the largest of any mammal.”
유사성 제시	Similarly; Likewise; Equally	By the same token; In the same way; In a similar way	“Likewise, the algorithm was applied to Y.”“By the same token, this principle can be applied to Z.”
중요한 내용 명확화/식별	Specifically; Namely	That is (to say); In other words; (To) put (it) another way; What this means is; This means (that)	“There are two factors: namely, X and Y.”“In other words, the fall of the Empire was caused by over-expansion.”

 

 

역접 접속사(Adversative Transitions)

 

역접 접속사는 다음의 방법으로 사실, 주장 및 기타 내용을 구별합니다: 차이점 대조 및 제시; 주장 수긍 혹은 반박; 사실 또는 논증의 중요성 일축; 대안 제시. 

 

목적	단어	문구	예시
대조/상충 사항 제시	But; Still; However; While; Whereas; Conversely; (and) yet	In contrast; On the contrary; On the other hand; …when in fact; By way of contrast	“However, there is still more research needed.”“On the other hand, the 1997 study does not recognize these outcomes.”
구별/강조	Indeed; Besides; Significantly; Primarily	Even more; Above all; More/Most importantly	“Indeed, a placebo is essential to any pharmaceutical study.”“Most importantly, the X enzyme increased.”
의견 수긍	Nevertheless; Nonetheless; Although; Despite (this); However; Regardless (of this); Admittedly	Even so; Even though; In spite of (this); Notwithstanding (this); Be that as it may	“Nevertheless, X is still an important factor.”“In spite of this fact, New York still has a high standard of living.”“Although this may be true, there are still other factors to consider.”
주장 일축	Regardless (of)	Either way; In any case; In any event; Whatever happens; All the same; At any rate	“Regardless of the result, this fact is true.”“Either way, the effect is the same.”“In any event, this will not change the public’s view.”
대안 제시	Instead (of); (or) rather;	(or) at least	“Instead of using X, the scientists used Z.”“Or rather, why not implement a brand new policy?”

 

인과 접속사(Causal Transitions)

 

인과 접속사는 이유, 조건, 목적, 상황 및 인과 관계를 보여줍니다. 인과 접속사는 논문의 중요 논점이 확립된 후 혹은 가설적인 관계 또는 상황을 탐구하기 위해 사용됩니다. 

 

목적	단어	문구	예시
원인 혹은 이유 제시	Since; For; As; Because (of the fact that)	Due to (the fact that); For the reason that; Owing to (the fact); Inasmuch as	“Since the original sample group was too small, researchers called for more participants.”“Due to budgetary demands, funding will be cut in half.”
조건 설명	If…then; Unless; Granting (that); Granted (that); Provided (that)	In the event that; As/So long as; Only if	“Unless these conditions change, more will need to be done.”“As long as there is oxygen, there will be oxygenation.”
효과/결과 제시	Consequently; Therefore; Thus; Accordingly; Because (of this)	As a result (of this); For this reason; As a consequence; So much (so) that	“Therefore, we can conclude that this was an asymmetric catalysis.”“As a consequence, many consumers began to demand safer products.”
목적 제시		For the purpose(s) of; With (this fact) in mind; In the hope that; In order that/to; So as to	“For the purpose of following standards, X rule was observed.”“With the current state of pandas in mind, this study focused on preservation.”
상황의 중요성 강조	Otherwise	Under those circumstances; That being the case; In that case; If so; All else being equal	“Otherwise, this effect will continue into the future.”“All else being equal, the economic impact of this law seems positive.”

 

순차 접속사(Sequential Transitions)

 

순차 접속사는 다음의 방법으로 글을 구성합니다: 연속적인 아이디어나 행동 제시; 이전에 언급된 내용 참조; 내용 전환; 결론 제시 및 논문 요약. 순차 접속사는 글의 구조를 구성하고 독자가 논문의 방법, 결과 및 분석을 통해 논리적 전개를 이해하도록 돕는데 필수적입니다. 

 

목적	단어	문구	예시
순차적 구성	Initially; Secondly; Thirdly; (First/Second/Third); Last	First of all; To start with; In the (first/second/third) place	“Initially, subjects were asked to write their names.”“First of all, dolphins are the smartest creatures in the sea.”
연속성 제시	Subsequently; Previously; Afterwards; Eventually; Next; After (this)		“Subsequently, subjects were taken to their rooms.”“Afterwards, they were asked about their experiences.”
요약/내용 반복	(Once) again; Summarizing (this)	To repeat; As (was) stated before; As (was) mentioned earlier/above	“Summarizing this data, it becomes evident that there is a pattern.”“As mentioned earlier, pollution has become an increasing problem.”
내용 전환/재개	Incidentally; Coincidentally; Anyway	By the way; to resume; Returning to the subject; At any rate	“Coincidentally, the methods used in the two studies were similar.”“Returning to the subject, this section will analyze the results.”
결론/요약	Thus; Hence; Ultimately; Finally; Therefore; Altogether; Overall; Consequently	To conclude; As a final point; In conclusion; Given these points; In summary; To sum up	“Ultimately, these results will be valuable to the study of X.”“In conclusion, there are three things to keep in mind—A, B, and C.”

 

참고

 

문장과 문장을 이어주는 전환어구 모음

덧붙일때:also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, again

결과:accordingly, as a result, consequently, hence, otherwise,so then, therefore, thus, thereupon

요약:after all, all in all, all things considered, briefly, by and large, in any case, in any event, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, in short, in summary, in the final analysis, in the long run, on balance, to sum up, to summarize, finally

일반화:as a rule, as usual, for the most part,generally, generally speaking, ordinarily, usually

재언급할때(강조할때):in essence, in other words, namely, that is, that is to say,in short, in brief, to put it differently

대조와 비교:contrast, by the same token, conversely, instead, likewise,on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, rather,similarly, yet, but, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast

순서:at first, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, at the same time,for now, for the time being, the next step, in time, in turn, later on,meanwhile, next, then, soon, the meantime, later, while, earlier,simultaneously, afterward, in conclusion

전환:by the way, incidentally


예를 들때:for example, for instance, for one thing

유사함:likewise, similar, moreover

방향:here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above,to the left, to the right, in the distance

 

 

전환단어